Jurchen Invasion
During the reign of Emperor Tianzuo, the Jurchens led by Aguda established the Jin Dynasty in 1115. Aguda formed the Alliance on the Sea with the Song Dynasty against the Khitans, and began to establish authority over former Liao Dynasty territory in Mongolia. Tianzuo however proved incompetent in dealing with the Jurchen menace, and in 1115 a coup was attempted by Liao generals to install his uncle Yelü Chun to the throne but was thwarted. The Jurchens advanced from Manchuria in 1117, and captured the Liao dynasty's supreme capital in 1120, then its central capital in 1122.
Another coup was attempted in 1121 to install Tianzuo's son, the prince of Jin, onto the throne, but was again thwarted. The prince was executed, and most of the coup organizers defected to the Jurchens' camp. In 1122, Tianzuo fled the southern capital Nanjing (today's Beijing) to the western region. His uncle Yelü Chun then formed the short-lived Northern Liao in the southern capital, but died soon afterwards, and Nanjing was captured by the Jurchens at the end of 1122 or early 1123.
Read more about this topic: Emperor Tianzuo Of Liao
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—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)