Risk Factors
Eclampsia, like preeclampsia, tends to occur more commonly in first pregnancies and young mothers where it is thought that novel exposure to paternal antigens is involved. Furthermore, women with preexisting vascular diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and nephropathy) or thrombophilic diseases such as the antiphospholipid syndrome are at higher risk to develop preeclampsia and eclampsia. Having a large placenta (multiple gestation, hydatidiform mole) also predisposes women to toxemia. In addition, there is a genetic component: patients whose mother or sister had the condition are at higher risk. Patients who have experienced eclampsia are at increased risk for preeclampsia/eclampsia in a later pregnancy.
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