Earl of Northumbria was a title in the Anglo-Danish, late Anglo-Saxon, and early Anglo-Norman period in England. The earldom of Northumbria was the successor of the ealdormanry of Bamburgh, itself the successor of an independent Bernicia. Under the Norse kingdom of York, there were earls of Deira. Eventually all Northumbria was united under the Bernician dynasty. This dynasty held onto Bernicia until 1041, but from 1016 there were other earls in York who were appointed by King Canute the Great over all Northumbria. It was itself broken up in the early Norman period and dissolved into the earldoms of York and Northumberland, with much land going to the prince-bishopric of Durham.
The earls were:
- Osulf I (954-963), Earl of Bernicia from 930
- Oslac of Northumbria, exiled in 975
- Waltheof I (963-995)
- Uhtred the Bold (1006-1016)
- Eric of Hlathir (1016-1023)
- Siward (1031-1055), without underlings in Bernicia from 1041
- Tostig (1055-1065)
- Morcar (1065-1066)
- Copsi (1067)
- Osulf II (1067)
- Gospatric (1067-1068)
- Robert Comine (1068-1069)
Vacant during the Harrying of the North until...
- Gospatric (1070-1072, again
- Waltheof II (1072-1075)
- William Walcher (1075-1080), also prince-bishop of Durham
- Aubrey de Coucy (1080-1086)
- Robert de Mowbray (1086-1095)
Vacant until Stephen was pressured by David of Scotland to grant to ...
- Henry of Scotland, 1139-1152
- William of Scotland, 1152-1157
- Deprived of title and lands by Henry II of England, 1157
Purchased by Hugh de Puiset, the Bishop of Durham in 1189, and held until 1191 or so.
Vacant until the First Barons' War, when the barons of Northumberland and York did homage to ...
- Alexander II of Scotland, 1215-1217
- Surrendered to Henry III of England, 1217
Famous quotes containing the words earl of and/or earl:
“by and by, the cause of my disease
Gives me a pang that inwardly doth sting,
When that I think what grief it is again
To live and lack the thing should rid my pain.”
—Henry Howard, Earl Of Surrey (1517?–1547)
“Buy good books, and read them; the best books are the commonest, and the last editions are always the best, if the editors are not blockheads.”
—Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl Chesterfield (1694–1773)