Lombard Invasion and Neapolitan Unrest
At the time of the Lombard invasions of Italy in the mid-sixth century, Naples had a population of about 30-35,000. In 615, under Giovanni Consino, Naples rebelled for the first time against the Exarch of Ravenna, the Byzantine emperor's plenipotentiary in Italy. In reply, the first form of the duchy was created in 638 by the Exarch Eleutherius, but the duke he appointed came from abroad and had to respond to the Byzantine strategos of Sicily. At that time the Ducatus Neapolitanus controlled an area corresponding roughly to the present day Province of Naples, encompassing the area of Vesuvius, the Campi Flegrei, the Sorrentine Peninsula, Giugliano, Aversa, Afragola, Nola, and the islands of Ischia and Procida. Capri was later part of the duchy of Amalfi.
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