Dositheos or Dositheus may refer to:
- Dositheos (Samaritan), Gnostic
- Dositheus Magister, Roman grammarian and jurist
- Dositheus of Pelusium (ca 3rd century BC), Greek mathematician, probably Hebrew-born, active in Alexandria, best known for his correspondence with Archimedes
- Dositheus of Gaza (died c. 530), Egyptian monk
- Dositheos (patriarch of Jerusalem), i.e. Dositheos Notaras (1641–1707), Patriarch of Jerusalem