Doctorow is a surname, and may refer to:
- Dmitry Doctorow, exactly Dmitry Dokhturov (Russian: Дохтуров, 1756 - 1816), Russian general
- E. L. Doctorow (born 1931), author of novels blending history and social criticism
- Cory Doctorow (born 1971), blogger, activist and science fiction author