Digital Literacy and 21st Century Skills
Digital literacy requires certain skill sets with that are interdisciplinary in nature. Warshauer and Matuchniak list Information, Media, and Technology; Learning and Innovation Skills; and Life and Career Skills as the three skill sets that individuals need to master in order to be digitally literate, or the 21st Century Skills. In order to achieve Information, Media, and Technology Skills, one needs to achieve competency in Information Literacy, Media Literacy and ICT (information communicative technologies). Encompassed within Learning and Innovation Skills, one must also be able to be able to be exercise their creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, and communication and collaboration skills. In order to be competent in Life and Career Skills, it is also necessary to be able to exercise flexibility and adaptability, initiative and self-direction, social and cross-cultural skills, productivity and accountability, leadership and responsibility. Eshet-Alkalai contends that there are five types of literacies that are encompassed in the umbrella term that is digital literacy. (1) Photo-visual literacy is the ability to read and deduce information from visuals. (2) Reproduction literacy is the ability to use digital technology to create a new piece of work or combine existing pieces of work together to make if your own. (3) Branching literacy is the ability to successfully navigate in the non-linear medium of digital space. (4) Information literacy is the ability to search, locate, assess and critically evaluate information found on the web. (5) Lastly, socio-emotional literacy refers to the social and emotional aspects of being present online, whether it may be through socializing, and collaborating, or simply consuming content.
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