History
Some coins minted during the reign of Queen Christina of Sweden bear an inscription of CHRISTINA D.G.R.S. on the obverse, and at least one 17th century Swedish silver medal depicts Karl XI, bearing the inscription CAROLVS XI DEI GRATIA SVEC GOTH VANDAL REX (Karl XI, with God's grace, King of the Svears, Goths and Vandals), the reverse depicting Ulrika Eleonora with the inscription VLRICA ELEONORA DEI GRATIA REGINA SVECIAE (Ulrika Eleonora, with God's grace, Queen of Sweden).
Canadian coins minted from 1902 until 1910 under King Edward VII read "D. G. Rex Imperator" which is Latin for "By the Grace of God, King and Emperor". The "Dei Gra" portion was removed temporarily from Canadian coinage in 1911 and led to such a public uproar over the "godless" coins, that it was returned to Canadian coinage in the subsequent year. From 1912 to 1936, under George V, it read "Dei Gra Rex Et Ind Imp" which stands for Dei Gratia Rex et Indiae Imperator which means "By the Grace of God, King and Emperor of India". From 1937 to 1947 under the reign of George VI, it read either "Dei Gra Rex Et Ind Imp" as before or was abbreviated "D. G. Rex Et Ind Imp". From 1948 to 1952, still under George VI, after the confederation of India, they read "Dei Gratia Rex". From 1952 until 1964, it read "Dei Gratia Regina" under Queen Elizabeth II. From 1965 onwards, it was abbreviated on all coins to the current phrase of "D. G. Regina".
Read more about this topic: Dei Gratia Regina
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“In the history of the United States, there is no continuity at all. You can cut through it anywhere and nothing on this side of the cut has anything to do with anything on the other side.”
—Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918)
“Humankind has understood history as a series of battles because, to this day, it regards conflict as the central facet of life.”
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