The data segment is read-write, since the values of the variables can be altered at run-time. This is in contrast to the Rodata (constant, read-only data) section, as well as the code segment (also known as the text segment) which is read-only on many architectures.
The PC architecture supports a few basic read-write memory regions in a program namely: Stack, Data and Code. The heap is another region of address space available to a program, from which memory can be dynamically allocated or freed by the operating system in response to system calls such as malloc and free.
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“To write it, it took three months; to conceive it three minutes; to collect the data in it—all my life.”
—F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940)