Historicity
Daniel 11:2,40-45 is considered non-historical by most scholars, who generally agree that the vaticinia ex eventu ceases at Daniel 11:39and that the remaining verses are genuine predictions, which do not accurately describe the events of the time. After describing the "desecration of the Temple (Daniel 11:31) and the Maccabean revolt, the author predicts another attack from Egypt in which Antiochus will be victorious and capture the entire territory along with Libya and Ethiopia (Daniel 11:40-43).There is however no historical evidence for this. Instead, Antiochus went to Armenia, Babylonia, and Susa.
The Hellenistic period of Jewish history began in 332 BCE when Alexander the Great defeated the last Persian king Darius III and conquered Persia. Upon his death in 323 BCE, his empire was divided among his generals("Diadochi"). The entire region of Judea was heavily contested between the successor states of Alexander's empire, the satrapies of the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt, during the six Syrian Wars of the 3rd-1st centuries BCE: "After two centuries of peace under the Persians, the Hebrew state found itself once more caught in the middle of power struggles between two great empires: the Seleucid state with its capital in Syria to the north and the Ptolemaic state, with its capital in Egypt to the south...Between 319 and 302 BCE, Jerusalem changed hands seven times."
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