Personal Pronouns
| Sg. | Nominative | já (I) | ty (you) | on (he) | ona (she) | ono (it) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genitive | mne, mě | tebe, tě | jeho, ho něho |
jí ní |
jeho, ho něho |
|
| Dative | mně, mi | tobě, ti | jemu, mu němu |
jí ní |
jemu, mu němu |
|
| Accusative | mne, mě | tebe, tě | jeho, ho, jej něho, něj |
ji ni |
je(j), ho ně(j) |
|
| Locative | mně | tobě | něm | ní | něm | |
| Instrumental | mnou | tebou | jím ním |
jí ní |
jím ním |
|
| Pl. | Nominative | my (we) | vy (you) | oni (they) | ony (they) | ona (they) |
| Genitive | nás | vás | jich nich |
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| Dative | nám | vám | jim nim |
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| Accusative | nás | vás | je ně |
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| Locative | nás | vás | nich | |||
| Instrumental | námi | vámi | jimi nimi |
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In some singular cases, short forms of pronouns are possible, which are clitics. They cannot be used with prepositions. They are unstressed, therefore they cannot be the first words in sentences. Usually they appear in second place in a sentence or clause, obeying Wackernagel's Law. Examples:
- Nedávej mi to. Don't give it to me.
- Mně to nedávej. Don't give it to me. (emphasizing mně)
- Přijď ke mně. Come to me.
In 3rd person (singular and plural) j-forms are used without prepositions, n-forms are used after prepositions:
- Ukaž mu to. or Ukaž to jemu. (emphasizing jemu) Show it to him.
- Přišla k němu. She came to him.
Accusative forms jej (on), je, ně (ono) are usually regarded as archaic.
They: oni - masculine animate gender, ony - masculine inanimate and feminine genders, ona - neuter gender
Reflexive personal pronoun
Reflexive personal pronoun is used when the object is identical to the subject. It has no nominative form and it is the same for all persons and numbers. It is translated into English as myself, yourself, himself, etc.
| Nominative | ---- |
|---|---|
| Genitive | sebe |
| Dative | sobě, si |
| Accusative | sebe, se |
| Locative | sobě |
| Instrumental | sebou |
Example:
- Vidím se (sebe) v zrcadle. I see myself in the mirror.
Short form se and si are again clitics; often they are a part of reflexive verbs and as such are not usually translated into English explicitly:
- Posaď se./Sedni si. Sit down.
Read more about this topic: Czech Declension, Pronouns
Famous quotes containing the words personal and/or pronouns:
“Like their personal lives, women’s history is fragmented, interrupted; a shadow history of human beings whose existence has been shaped by the efforts and the demands of others.”
—Elizabeth Janeway (b. 1913)
“In the meantime no sense in bickering about pronouns and other parts of blather.”
—Samuel Beckett (1906–1989)