Research Levels
The German word "Kulturbetrieb" has two major shades of meaning:
- From a macro-sociological perspective, "Kulturbetrieb" is an abstract social science term denoting a sector (or “system”, or “field”, or “segment”, etc.) of society, which, from the 18th century onwards, gradually developed together with modern bourgeois society, forming internally differentiated institutions. (The term “cultural industry” is deliberately not used in this context because this term is mainly embedded in an economic view of the field.)
- Secondly, "Kulturbetrieb" also denotes an enterprise or cultural organisation (e.g. an association, foundation, commercial company, limited company, etc.) which combines and uses human and financial resources to achieve certain aims in the most efficient way possible. At this micro-level, both organisations and individual actors are relevant.
This implies that, to deal with and appreciate adequately both collective and individual action, the discipline Cultural Institutions Studies must not only be concerned with aspects of organisational theory but also with questions of social practices, social psychology, occupational sociology, theories of socialisation, gender as well as epistemology. Of central importance is the fact that the macro and the micro levels refer to and mutually influence each other.
Read more about this topic: Cultural Institutions Studies
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