Black Box Model
| ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | BUYER'S BLACK BOX | BUYER'S RESPONSE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marketing Stimuli | Environmental Stimuli | Buyer Characteristics | Decision Process | |
| Product Price Place Promotion |
Economic Technological Political Cultural Demographic Natural |
Attitudes Motivation Perceptions Personality Lifestyle Knowledge |
Problem recognition Information search Alternative evaluation Purchase decision Post-purchase behaviour |
Product choice Brand choice Dealer choice Purchase timing Purchase amount |
The black box model shows the interaction of stimuli, consumer characteristics, decision process and consumer responses. It can be distinguished between interpersonal stimuli (between people) or intrapersonal stimuli (within people). The black box model is related to the black box theory of behaviourism, where the focus is not set on the processes inside a consumer, but the relation between the stimuli and the response of the consumer. The marketing stimuli are planned and processed by the companies, whereas the environmental stimulus are given by social factors, based on the economical, political and cultural circumstances of a society. The buyers black box contains the buyer characteristics and the decision process, which determines the buyers response.
The black box model considers the buyers response as a result of a conscious, rational decision process, in which it is assumed that the buyer has recognized the problem. However, in reality many decisions are not made in awareness of a determined problem by the consumer.
Read more about this topic: Consumer Behaviour
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