Methods of Synchronization
There are two ways to synchronize the two ends of the communication.
The synchronous signalling methods use 2 different signals. A pulse on one signal indicates when another bit of information is ready on the other signal.
The asynchronous signalling methods use only 1 signal. The receiver uses transitions on that signal to figure out the transmitter bit rate ("autobaud") and timing, and set a local clock to the proper timing, typically using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to synchronize with the transmission rate. A pulse from the local clock indicates when another bit is ready.
Read more about this topic: Comparison Of Synchronous And Asynchronous Signalling
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