Type Manipulation
| Get object type | Is instance of (includes subtypes) | Upcasting | Downcasting | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runtime check | No check | ||||
| ABAP Objects | = | ?= | |||
| C++ (STL) | typeid(x) | dynamic_cast<type *>(&x) != NULL | dynamic_cast<type*>(ptr) | (type*) ptr or static_cast<type*>(ptr) |
|
| C# | x.GetType | x is type | (type) x or x as type | ||
| D | typeid(x) | cast(type) x | |||
| Delphi | x is type | x as type | |||
| Java | x.getClass | x instanceof class | (type) x | ||
| Objective-C (Cocoa) | ] | (type*) x | |||
| JavaScript | x.constructor | x instanceof class | |||
| Visual Basic .NET | x.GetType | TypeOf x Is type | CType(x, type) or TryCast(x, type) | ||
| Eiffel | x.generating_type | attached {TYPE} x | attached {TYPE} x as down_x | ||
| Python | type(x) | isinstance(x, type) | |||
| PHP | get_class(x) | x instanceof class | |||
| Perl | ref(x) | x->isa("class") | |||
| Perl 6 | x.WHAT | x.isa(class) | type(x) or x.type |
||
| Ruby | x.class | x.instance_of?(type) or x.kind_of?(type) |
|||
| Smalltalk | x class | x isKindOf: class | |||
| Windows PowerShell | x.GetType | x -is | x or x -as | ||
| OCaml | (x :> type) | ||||
| F# | x.GetType | x :? type | (x :?> type) | ||
Read more about this topic: Comparison Of Programming Languages (object-oriented Programming)
Famous quotes containing the words type and/or manipulation:
“I can barely conceive of a type of beauty in which there is no Melancholy.”
—Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867)
“The principle that human nature, in its psychological aspects, is nothing more than a product of history and given social relations removes all barriers to coercion and manipulation by the powerful.”
—Noam Chomsky (b. 1928)