Causes
There are different causes for clubfoot depending on what classification it is given. Structural cTEV is caused by genetic factors such as Edwards syndrome, a genetic defect with three copies of chromosome 18. Growth arrests at roughly 9 weeks and compartment syndrome of the affected limb are also causes of Structural cTEV. Genetic influences increase dramatically with family history. It was previously assumed that postural cTEV could be caused by external influences in the final trimester such as intrauterine compression from oligohydramnios or from amniotic band syndrome. However, this is countered by findings that cTEV does not occur more frequently than usual when the intrauterine space is restricted. Breech presentation is also another known cause. cTEV occurs with some frequency in Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and some other connective tissue disorders, such as Loeys-Dietz Syndrome. TEV may be associated with other birth defects such as spina bifida cystica.
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