Filmography
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1943 | Corvette K-225 | uncredited | |
| We've Never Been Licked | Adams (uncredited) | ||
| 1956 | Picnic | Alan Benson | |
| Autumn Leaves | Burt Hanson | ||
| 1957 | The Girl Most Likely | Pete | |
| 1958 | The Naked and the Dead | Lieutenant Robert Hearn | |
| 1959 | Gidget | The Big Kahuna | |
| As the Sea Rages | Clements | ||
| Battle of the Coral Sea | Lt. Cmdr. Jeff Conway | ||
| 1961 | The Big Show | Josef Everard | |
| "A Hundred Yards Over the Rim" (The Twilight Zone) | Christian Horn | ||
| All in a Night's Work | Warren Kingsley, Jr. | ||
| Underworld U.S.A. | Tolly Devlin | ||
| 1962 | The Interns | Dr. John Paul Otis | |
| The Dummy: The Twilight Zone: Episode 98 | Ventriloquist | ||
| 1963 | My Six Loves | Reverend Jim Larkin | |
| PT 109 | Lt. (j.g.) John F. Kennedy | ||
| Sunday in New York | Adam Tyler | ||
| 1964 | 633 Squadron | Wing Cmdr. Roy Grant | |
| The Best Man | Joe Cantwell | ||
| 1965 | Up from the Beach | Sgt. Edward Baxter | |
| Masquerade | David Frazer | ||
| Love Has Many Faces | Pete Jordon | ||
| 1967 | The Honey Pot | William McFly | |
| 1968 | The Devil's Brigade | Maj. Alan Crown | |
| Charly | Charlie Gordon | Academy Award for Best Actor National Board of Review Award for Best Actor Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama |
|
| 1970 | Too Late the Hero | Lt. (j.g.) Sam Lawson | |
| 1972 | J. W. Coop | J. W. Coop | |
| The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid | Cole Younger | ||
| 1973 | The Men Who Made the Movies: Alfred Hitchcock | narrator | |
| Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies | Ace Eli Walford | ||
| 1974 | Man on a Swing | Lee Tucker | |
| 1975 | Out of Season | Joe Tanner | Entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival |
| Three Days of the Condor | J. Higgins | ||
| 1976 | Shoot | Rex | |
| Midway | Cmdr. Carl Jessop | ||
| Obsession | Michael Courtland | ||
| Return to Earth | Buzz Aldrin | ||
| 1977 | Fraternity Row | Narrator | |
| Washington: Behind Closed Doors | William Martin | Adaptation of The Company; character based on Richard Helms | |
| 1979 | The Little Prince Martin the Cobbler Rip Van Wynkle The Diary of Adam and Eve |
Host; The pilot (Little Prince) | Package of Claymation shorts by Will Vinton |
| 1980 | Dominique | David Ballard | |
| The Pilot | Mike Hagan | ||
| 1983 | Brainstorm | Alex Terson | |
| Falcon Crest | Dr. Michael Ranson | Season 3 | |
| Class | Mr. Burroughs | ||
| Star 80 | Hugh Hefner | ||
| 1985 | Shaker Run | Judd Pierson | |
| 1987 | Malone | Charles Delaney | |
| Ford: The Man and the Machine | Henry Ford | ||
| 1991 | Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken | Doctor Carver | |
| 1992 | Wind | Morgan Weld | |
| 1994 | Renaissance Man | Colonel James | |
| 1995 | Waiting for Sunset or The Sunset Boys (Pakten) | Ted Roth | |
| 1996 | Escape from L.A. | President | |
| 1998 | Assignment Berlin | Cliff Garret | |
| Melting Pot | Jack Durman | ||
| 1999 | Family Tree | Larry | |
| 2000 | Falcon Down | Buzz Thomas | |
| 2001 | Mach 2 | Vice President Pike | |
| 2002 | 13th Child | Mr. Shroud | Robertson was one of the writers of this film |
| Spider-Man | Ben Parker | ||
| 2004 | Spider-Man 2 | Ben Parker | Cameo |
| Riding the Bullet | Farmer | ||
| 2007 | Spider-Man 3 | Ben Parker | Cameo; Last film appearance |
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