Charity Organization Society

Charity Organization Society

The Charity Organization Societies were founded in England in 1869 following the 'Goschen Minute' (Poor Law Board; 22nd Annual Report (1869-70), Appendix A No.4. Relief to the Poor in the Metropolis. PP XXXI, 1871) that sought to severely restrict Outdoor Relief distributed by the Poor Law Guardians. in the early 1870 a handful of local societies were formed with the intention of restricting the distribution of outdoor relief to the elderly, ill or 'non-able bodied' and to force them to accept the workhouse test.

The rest of this entry may apply in America but is still faulty.

Some Refs: Charles Mowat, The Charity Organization Society 1869-1913: Its Ideas and Work (London, Methuen & Co.1961) Robert Whelan, Helping the Poor. Friendly visiting, dole charities and dole queues (London: Institute for the Study of Civil Society, 2001), Jane Lewis, The Voluntary Sector, The State and Social Work in Britain: The Charity Organisation Society / Family Welfare Association since 1869 (Aldershot: Edward Arnold, 1995) Mary MacKinnon, English Poor Law policy and the Crusade Against Outrelief. Journal of Economic History, 47 (1987), pp.603-625. Robert Humphreys, Sin, Organized Charity and the Poor Law in Victorian England (London: St. Martin’s Press, 1995), M.E.Rose, ‘The Crisis of Poor Relief in England 1860-1890’ in W.J. Mommsen The emergence of the welfare state in Britain and Germany 1850-1950 (London: Croom Helm, c.1981),

Also called the Associated Charities was a private charity that existed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a clearing house for information on the poor. The society was mainly concerned with distinction between the deserving poor and undeserving poor. The society believed that giving out charity without investigating the problems behind poverty created a class of citizens that would always be dependent on alms giving.

The society originated in Elberfeld, Germany and spread to Buffalo, New York around 1877. The conviction that relief promoted dependency was the basis for forming the Societies. Instead of offering direct relief, the societies addressed the cycle of poverty. Neighborhood charity visitors taught the values of hard work and thrift to individuals and families. The COS set up centralized records and administrative services and emphasized objective investigations and professional training. There was a strong scientific emphasis as the charity visitors organized their activities and learned principles of practice and techniques of intervention from one another. The result led to the origin of social casework. Gradually, over the ensuing years, volunteer visitors began to be supplanted by paid staff.