S
- Sam Chapman (1916–2006), American college football player and professional baseball player
- Sammy Chapman (born 1938), Northern Irish footballer and football manager
- Samuel Chapman
- Samuel Chapman (1859–1947), Scottish Unionist Party politician
- Samuel Chapman Armstrong (1838–1893), American educator and officer in the Union Army
- Scott "Skippy" Chapman (born 1975), American Christian musician
- Sean Chapman (born 1961), British actor
- Shane "Choppa" Chapman (born 1978), New Zealand middleweight kickboxer, boxer and martial artist
- Simon Chapman
- Simon Chapman (academic) (born 1951), Australian academic
- Simon Chapman (author), British children's author
- Stanley Chapman (born 1925), British architect, designer, translator and writer
- Stepan Chapman (born 1951), American fiction author
- Steven Chapman
- Steven Chapman (born 1971), English cricketer
- Steven Curtis Chapman (born 1962), American Christian musician
- Stuart Chapman (born 1951), English footballer and football coach
- Sydney Chapman
- Sydney Chapman (economist) (1871–1951), British economist and civil servant
- Sydney Chapman (mathematician) (1888–1970), British astronomer and geophysicist
- Sydney Chapman (politician) (born 1935), English Conservative Party politician and architect
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