1901
In 1901, there were 3,773,801 people (1,977,928 males and 1,795,873 females) counted in Australia.
Prior to Federation, each colony had been responsible for its own census collection. The census held during the first year of Federation, 1901, was again collected by each State separately. When planning for the 1901 census it was clear that Federation was forthcoming, and a uniform census schedule was developed.
Read more about this topic: Census In Australia