Rules
The ball, a waterpolo ball, is passed from between players using hands or paddles. A player in possession of the ball can be hand tackled by being pushed over on the shoulder or back and/or kayak tackled by an opposition member. Players may only have the ball in their possession for a maximum of five seconds. Players can "dribble" the ball by positioning the ball one meter or more ahead of themselves or sideways into the water.
Most of the rules concern the safety of the players involved. For example illegal substitution and entry into the playing area (see below), illegal use of the paddle, illegal action against a capsized player, illegal jostle and illegal screening. Penalties include goal- and sideline throws, free shots, goal penalty shots, and penalty cards.
Substitutions can be made at any time during the game without notifying the referee, the player and all their equipment must be behind the goal line before another player can come on. Illegal substitution results in the oncoming player being yellow carded or if it is unclear the captain will nominate a player (two minute send off, team plays with one less player).
Read more about this topic: Canoe Polo
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