Cancer Immunotherapy - Natural Products

Natural Products

Some types of natural products have shown promise to stimulate the immune system. Research suggests that mushrooms like Reishi and Agaricus subrufescens, (often mistakenly called Agaricus blazei) may be able to stimulate the immune system. Research has shown that Agaricus subrufescens may be a potent stimulator of natural killer cells. Agaricus subrufescens is rich in proteoglucans and beta-glucans, which are potent stimulators of macrophages.

Research on the compounds in medicinal mushrooms most responsible for up-regulating the immune system and providing an anti-cancer effect, are a diverse collection of polysaccharide compounds, particularly beta-glucans. Beta-glucans are known as "biological response modifiers", and their ability to activate the immune system is well documented. Specifically, beta-glucans stimulate the innate branch of the immune system. Research has shown beta-glucans have the ability to stimulate macrophage, NK cells, T cells, and immune system cytokines. The mechanisms in which beta-glucans stimulate the immune system is only partially understood. One mechanism in which beta-glucans are able to activate the immune system, is by interacting with the Macrophage-1 antigen (CD18) receptor on immune cells.

Highly purified compounds isolated from medicinal mushrooms such as lentinan (isolated from Shiitake), and Polysaccharide-K, (isolated from Trametes versicolor), have become incorporated into the health care system of a few countries, such as Japan. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved the use of Polysaccharide-K in the 1980s, to stimulate the immune systems of patients undergoing chemotherapy. In Australia, a pharmaceutical based on a mixture of several mycological extracts including lentinan and Polysaccharide-K is sold commercially as MC-S.