Structure and Function
Cadherins are synthesized as polypeptides and undergo many post-translational modifications to become the proteins which go on to mediate cell-cell adhesion. These polypeptides are approximately 720-750 amino acids long. Each cadherin has a small cytoplasmic component, a transmembrane component, and the remaining bulk of the protein is extra-cellular (outside the cell). Cadherins behave as both receptors and ligands. During development, their behavior assists in properly positioning cells. In the very early stages of development, E-cadherin is most greatly expressed. During the next stage, the development of the neuronal plate, N-cadherin is expressed and there is a decrease in E-cadherin. Finally, during the development of the notochord and the condensation of somites, E- P- and N-cadherin expression increases.
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