C Sharp (programming Language) - "Hello World" Example

"Hello World" Example

The following is a very simple C# program, a version of the classic "Hello world" example:

using System; class Program { static void Main { Console.WriteLine("Hello world!"); } }

The effect is to write the following text to the output console:

Hello world!

Each line has a purpose:

using System;

The above line of code tells the compiler to use System as a candidate prefix for types used in the source code. In this case, when the compiler sees use of the Console type later in the source code, it tries to find a type named Console, first in the current assembly, followed by all referenced assemblies. In this case the compiler fails to find such a type, since the name of the type is actually System.Console. The compiler then attempts to find a type named System.Console by using the System prefix from the using statement, and this time it succeeds. The using statement allows the programmer to state all candidate prefixes to use during compilation instead of always using full type names.

class Program

Above is a class definition. Everything between the following pair of braces describes Program.

static void Main

This declares the class member method where the program begins execution. The .NET runtime calls the Main method. (Note: Main may also be called from elsewhere, like any other method, e.g. from another method of Program.) The static keyword makes the method accessible without an instance of Program. Each console application's Main entry point must be declared static. Otherwise, the program would require an instance, but any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable circular dependency, C# compilers processing console applications (like that above) report an error, if there is no static Main method. The void keyword declares that Main has no return value.

Console.WriteLine("Hello world!");

This line writes the output. Console is a static class in the System namespace. It provides an interface to the standard input, output, and error streams for console applications. The program calls the Console method WriteLine, which displays on the console a line with the argument, the string "Hello world!".

A GUI example:

using System.Windows.Forms; class Program { static void Main { MessageBox.Show("Hello world!"); } }

This example is similar to the previous example, except that it generates a dialog box that contains the message "Hello world!" instead of writing it to the console.