Personal Pronouns
In Bulgarian, there are two types of personal pronouns (лични местоимения): full (stressed, free) and short (unstressed, clitic). The full are used with both verbs and prepositions (only the direct object forms), whereas the clitic only with verbs. As in English, personal pronouns change depending on their function within the sentence (as a subject or an object, in other words they have cases: Nominative (Именителен), Accusative (Винителен) and Dative (Дателен). The dative clitic forms can also be used to indicate possession (most Bulgarian grammar books refer to them as short forms of the possessive pronouns). The subject forms are always strong and are used as subjects only when special emphasis is intended, since unstressed subjects recoverable from context are not overtly expressed anyway. In some special cases the full and the short forms of the object pronouns can be used together.
Personal pronouns | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Subject
Nominative |
Direct Complement
Accusative |
Indirect Complement | ||||
no preposition
Dative |
preposition | |||||||
full | short | full† | short
possessive |
|||||
Singular | First | аз | мен/мене | ме | мене | ми | мен/мене | |
Second | ти | теб/тебе | те | тебе | ти | теб/тебе | ||
Third | Masculine | той | него | го | нему | му | него | |
Feminine | тя | нея | я | ней | ѝ | нея | ||
Neuter | то | него | го | нему | му | него | ||
Plural | First | ние | нас | ни | нам | ни | нас | |
Second | вие | вас | ви | вам | ви | вас | ||
Third | те | тях | ги | тям | им | тях |
†The full forms are rather archaic and are usually substituted by accusative constructions: на мен/на мене, на теб/на тебе, на него, на нея, на нас, на вас, на тях.
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