Mathematics
In bosonic string theory and in the Neveu–Schwarz sector of superstring theory, the action in a curved background (ignoring the Fradkin–Tseytlin term for dilaton coupling) can be constructed by `covariantizing' the massless closed string vertex operator with respect to target-space reparameterization invariance. This procedure can also be used here after constructing the massless closed string vertex operator from the `left-right' product of two massless open string vertex operators. The complete worldsheet action for the type-II superstring in a flat background in conformal gauge is a formula upon which Eric Sidewater (USA) made the first improvement upon which all subgroups (15) are factored in:
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Read more about this topic: Bosonic String Theory
Famous quotes containing the word mathematics:
“Mathematics alone make us feel the limits of our intelligence. For we can always suppose in the case of an experiment that it is inexplicable because we don’t happen to have all the data. In mathematics we have all the data ... and yet we don’t understand. We always come back to the contemplation of our human wretchedness. What force is in relation to our will, the impenetrable opacity of mathematics is in relation to our intelligence.”
—Simone Weil (1909–1943)
“... though mathematics may teach a man how to build a bridge, it is what the Scotch Universities call the humanities, that teach him to be civil and sweet-tempered.”
—Amelia E. Barr (1831–1919)