Belyayev (masculine) or Belyayeva (feminine) is a popular Russian surname which may refer to:
- People
- Aleksandr Belyaev, Russian author of science fiction
- Alexander Belyayev (decembrist), member of the Decembrist movement
- Anatoly Belyayev, Soviet scientist in the field of metallurgy
- Dmitry Belyayev (disambiguation), several people
- Evgeny Belyaev, Soviet tenor soloist with the Alexandrov Ensemble
- Ivan Belyayev (disambiguation), several people
- Mikhail Belyayev, Russian statesman, military figure, and infantry general
- Mitrofan Belyayev, Russian entrepreneur and music publisher
- Nikolay Ilyich Belyaev (1903-1966), Soviet Communist Party leader
- Nikolay Belyayev (scientist), Soviet scientist in the field durability theory
- Nikolay Belyayev (metallurgist), Russian metallurgist
- Pavel Belyayev, Russian cosmonaut
- Sergey Belyayev, Kazakhstani shooter
- Sergey Mikhaylovich Belyayev (1883-1953), Russian writer
- Spartak Belyayev, Soviet physicist and academician
- Vasily Belyayev, Soviet cinematographer and film director
- Viktor Belyayev, Soviet musicologist
- Vladimir Belyayev (botanist), Russian botanist
- Vladimir Belyayev (volleyball), Soviet Olympic gold medalist in volleyball in 1968
- Vladimir Belyayev (weightlifting), Soviet Olympic silver medalist in weightlifting in 1968
- Vladimir Georgiyevich Belyayev, Soviet international footballer
- Vladimir Nikolaevich Beliaev, minister of information and telecommunications of Transnistria
- Vladimir Pavlovich Belyayev, Soviet/Ukrainian writer
- Yevgeny Belyayev, Soviet/Russian skier
- Yevgeny Belyayev (historian), Soviet historian
- Yury Belyayev (b. 1947), Russian actor
- Other
- Belyaev (crater), a lunar crater
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