The Basmachi movement (Russian: Басмачество, Basmachestvo) or Basmachi Revolt was an uprising against Russian Imperial and Soviet rule by the Muslim, largely Turkic peoples of Central Asia.
The movement's roots lay in the 1916 violence that erupted over conscription of Muslims by the Russian Empire for service in World War I. In the months following the October 1917 Revolution, renewed violence developed into a major uprising centered in the Ferghana Valley, soon spreading across all of Soviet Turkestan. Guerrilla and conventional warfare lasted for years in various regions, and the violence was both anti-Soviet and anti-Russian.
After major Red Army campaigns and concessions regarding economic and Islamic practices in the mid 1920s, the military fortunes and popular support of the Basmachi declined. Although resistance flared up again in response to collectivization, the Sovietization of Central Asia proceeded apace and the struggle ended.
Read more about Basmachi Movement: Summary, Character of The Movement, Economic and Historical Background, Origins of The Conflict, The Kokand Autonomy and The Start of Hostilities, First Phase of The Revolt in The Ferghana Valley, The Basmachi in Khiva and Bukhara, Enver Pasha and The Height of The Basmachi Movement, The Defeat of The Movement, Intermittent Basmachi Operations After The Soviet Victory, Aftermath, In Popular Culture
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