Backer as a surname can refer to:
- Agathe Backer-Grøndahl (1847–1907), Norwegian pianist and composer
- Augustin de Backer (1809–1873), Roman Catholic bibliographer
- Brad Backer, Australian rugby league footballer
- Brian Backer (born 1956), American actor
- Harriet Backer (1845–1932), Norwegian painter
- Jacob de Backer (c. 1555 – c. 1585), Flemish Mannerist painter and draughtsman
- Jacob Adriaensz Backer (1609–1651), Dutch painter
- Lars Backer (1892–1930), Norwegian architect
- P. A. Backer (1940–1993), Malayalam film directors