B Vitamins - Related Nutrients

Related Nutrients

Many of the following substances have been referred to as vitamins because they were believed to be vitamins at one time. They are not considered vitamins anymore and the numbers that were assigned to them now form the "gaps" in the true series of B-complex vitamins described above (e.g., there is no vitamin B₄). Some of them, though not essential to humans, are essential in the diets of other organisms; others have no known nutritional value and may even be toxic under certain conditions.

• Vitamin B₄: adenine, a nucleobase, is synthesized by the human body.
• Vitamin B₈: adenosine monophosphate, is synthesized by the human body.
• Vitamin B₁₀: para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
• Vitamin B₁₁: pteryl-hepta-glutamic acid—chick growth factor, which is a form of folic acid. Later found to be one of five folates necessary for humans; also known as vitamin S or factor S.
• Vitamin B₁₃: orotic acid, now known not to be a vitamin.
• Vitamin B₁₄: cell proliferant, anti-anemia, rat growth factor, and antitumor pterin phosphate named by Earl R. Norris. Isolated from human urine at 0.33ppm (later in blood), but later abandoned by him as further evidence did not confirm this. He also claimed this was not xanthopterin.
• Vitamin B₁₅: pangamic acid
• Vitamin B₁₆: dimethylglycine (DMG)
• Vitamin B₁₇: nitrilosides, amygdalin or Laetrile. These substances are found in a number of seeds, sprouts, beans, tubers, and grains. While toxic in large quantities, proponents claim that it is effective in cancer treatment and prevention despite a lack of scientific evidence.
• Vitamin B₁₈:
• Vitamin B₁₉:
• Vitamin B₂₀: carnitine
• Vitamin B₂₁:
• Vitamin B₂₂: often claimed as an ingredient of Aloe vera extracts but also in many other foods. Claimed by one source to be vitamin B₁₂b-δ.
• Vitamin B_h: biotin
• Vitamin B_m: "mouse factor": also used to designate inositol
• Vitamin B_p: choline Choline is only required for survival of some mutants. Most commonly it is synthesized in vivo de novo. May be added as supplement especially when methionine supply is limited

• Vitamin B_t: -carnitine
• Vitamin B_v: a type of B₆ but not pyridoxine
• Vitamin B_w: a type of biotin but not d-biotin
• Vitamin B_x: para-aminobenzoic acid