Azerbaijan–Turkey relations have been strong with the two often being described as "one nation with two states" by the ex-president of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev due to a common culture and history, and the mutual intelligibility of Turkish and Azerbaijani languages. Turkey was the first country in the world to recognise Azerbaijan's independence in 1991 and has been a staunch supporter of Azerbaijan in its efforts to consolidate its independence, preserve its territorial integrity and realize its economic potential arising from the rich natural resources of the Caspian Sea. The countries share a short 8 km border, with the Aras River separating Turkey from the Nakhchivan exclave.
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“Consciousness, we shall find, is reducible to relations between objects, and objects we shall find to be reducible to relations between different states of consciousness; and neither point of view is more nearly ultimate than the other.”
—T.S. (Thomas Stearns)