Auxiliaries (Roman Military) - Deployment in 2nd Century

Deployment in 2nd Century

IMPERIAL AUXILIA: Summary of known deployments c. 130 AD
Province Approx. modern
equivalent
Alae
(no. mill.)
Cohortes
(no. mill.)
Total
aux. units
Auxiliary
infantry
Auxiliary
cavalry*
Total
auxilia
Britannia England/Wales 11 (1) 45 (6) 56 25,520 10,688 36,208
Rhine Frontier
Germania Inferior S Neth/NW Rhineland 6 17 23 8,160 4,512 12,672
Germania Superior Pfalz/Alsace 3 22 (1) 25 10,880 3,336 14,216
Danube Frontier
Raetia/Noricum S Ger/Switz/Austria 7 (1) 20 (5) 27 11,220 5,280 16,500
Pannonia (Inf + Sup) W Hungary/Slovenia/Croatia 11 (2) 21 (4) 32 11,360 8,304 19,664
Moesia Superior Serbia 2 10 12 4,800 1,864 6,664
Moesia Inferior N Bulgaria/coastal Rom 5 12 17 5,760 3,520 9,280
Dacia (Inf/Sup/Poroliss) Romania 11 (1) 32 (8) 43 17,920 7,328 25,248
Eastern Frontier
Cappadocia Central/East Turkey 4 15 (2) 19 7,840 3,368 11,208
Syria (inc Judaea/Arabia) Syria/Leb/Palest/Jordan/Israel 12 (1) 43 (3) 55 21,600 10,240 31,840
North Africa
Aegyptus Egypt 4 11 15 5,280 3,008 8,288
Mauretania (inc Africa) Tunisia/Algeria/Morocco 10 (1) 30 (1) 40 14,720 7,796 22,516
Internal provinces 2 15 17 7,200 2,224 9,424
TOTAL EMPIRE 88 (7) 293 (30) 381 152,260 71,468 223,728

Notes: (1) Table excludes about 2,000 officers (centurions and above). (2) Auxiliary cavalry nos. assumes 70% of cohortes were equitatae

Analysis

  1. The table shows the importance of auxiliary troops in the 2nd century, when they outnumbered legionaries by 1.5 to 1.
  2. The table shows that legions did not have a standard complement of auxiliary regiments and that there was no fixed ratio of auxiliary regiments to legions in each province. The ratio varied from six regiments per legion in Cappadocia to 40 per legion in Mauretania.
  3. Overall, cavalry represented about 20% (including the small contingents of legionary cavalry) of the total army effectives. But there were variations: in Mauretania the cavalry proportion was 28%.
  4. The figures show the massive deployments in Britannia and Dacia. Together, these two provinces account for 27% of the total auxilia corps.

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