Atchison may refer to:
- Places
In the United States:
- Atchison, California
- Atchison, Kansas, a city
- Atchison County, Kansas
- Atchison County, Missouri
- People
- David Rice Atchison, US senator from Missouri
- Railroad
- Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
- Music
- "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe", an Academy Award-winning song which refers to the railroad