Variations
Many factors influence the bone, fat, and muscle composition of the upper arm, and their measurements can vary by age, gender, obesity, fitness training status, and race. (This is one reason that anthropometrists have to be careful about what reference data and correction values they employ for individuals.)
One cause of age variations is the tendency for body fat to be deposited internally, rather that subcutaneously, as one ages.
Nutritional factors include zinc intake, which has been shown to have effects on both the triceps skin fold thickness and the mid-upper arm circumference.
Read more about this topic: Anthropometry Of The Upper Arm
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