Logic of ANOVA
The calculations of ANOVA can be characterized as computing a number of means and variances, dividing two variances and comparing the ratio to a handbook value to determine statistical significance. Calculating a treatment effect is then trivial, "the effect of any treatment is estimated by taking the difference between the mean of the observations which receive the treatment and the general mean."
Read more about this topic: Analysis Of Variance
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)