Sixth American Chess Congress (1889)
The sixth American Chess Congress was held in New York in 1889 (a 20-man double round-robin tournament; one of the longest tournaments in history). The event was won by Mikhail Chigorin and Max Weiss. Both finished with a score of 29 but Chigorin defeated Weiss in their individual game. The top American finisher was S. Lipschütz, who took sixth place (his supporters in the Eastern US, tried to push his claim to being US Champion as a result of this tournament; however, Lipschütz's claim was not accepted by all). Under rules that reigning World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz helped to develop, the winner was to be regarded as World Champion for the time being, but must be prepared to face a challenge from the second- or third-placed competitor within a month. Mikhail Chigorin and Max Weiss tied for first, and remained tied after drawing all four games of a playoff. Weiss was not interested in playing a championship match, but Isidor Gunsberg, the third place finisher, exercised his right and challenged Chigorin to a World Championship match. In 1890, he drew a first-to-10-wins match against Chigorin (9-9 with five draws). These were the same terms (9-9 draw clause) as the first World Championship match between Steinitz and Zukertort in 1886. Incidentally, they were also the same match terms that Bobby Fischer would insist on for his title defense in 1975.
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Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total 1 Mikhail Chigorin (RUS) ½1 xx 00 ½1 11 10 00 11 01 ½1 11 11 ½1 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 29 2 Max Weiss (HUN) xx ½0 ½1 10 ½½ ½1 1½ 11 11 11 10 ½½ ½1 10 11 11 ½1 11 11 11 29 3 Isidor Gunsberg (ENG) ½0 11 xx 01 ½0 ½0 1½ 10 11 11 ½1 11 01 11 01 11 11 11 11 11 28½ 4 Joseph Henry Blackburne (ENG) 01 ½0 10 xx 01 10 10 01 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 ½1 11 10 27 5 Amos Burn (ENG) ½½ 00 ½1 10 xx 1½ 00 11 11 10 11 11 01 00 11 01 11 11 11 11 26 6 S. Lipschütz (USA) ½0 01 ½1 01 0½ xx ½1 00 11 ½1 10 ½0 ½1 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 25½ 7 James Mason (IRE) 0½ 11 0½ 01 11 ½0 xx ½0 00 11 ½0 10 01 01 ½1 1½ ½1 ½½ 11 11 22 8 Max Judd (USA) 00 00 01 10 00 11 ½1 xx 10 11 01 00 11 00 ½1 ½0 10 ½1 11 11 20 9 Eugene Delmar (USA) 00 10 00 00 00 00 11 01 xx ½0 10 11 0½ 10 01 11 10 11 11 01 18 10 Jackson Showalter (USA) 00 ½0 00 01 01 ½0 00 00 ½1 xx ½1 10 10 10 11 ½0 01 ½1 11 11 18 11 William Pollock (ENG) 01 00 ½0 00 00 01 ½1 10 01 ½0 xx 01 ½1 ½1 01 11 00 00 11 11 17½ 12 Henry Bird (ENG) ½½ 00 00 00 00 ½1 01 11 00 01 10 xx ½0 11 ½1 11 00 10 ½0 11 17 13 Jean Taubenhaus (FRA) ½0 ½0 10 00 10 ½0 10 00 1½ 01 ½0 ½1 xx 01 00 0½ ½1 10 11 11 17 14 David Graham Baird (USA) 01 00 00 00 11 00 10 11 01 01 ½0 00 10 xx 10 00 01 11 10 ½1 16 15 Constant Ferdinand Burille (USA) 00 01 10 00 00 00 ½0 ½0 10 00 10 ½0 11 01 xx ½1 1½ 00 ½1 11 15 16 James Moore Hanham (USA) 00 00 00 01 10 00 0½ ½1 00 ½1 00 00 1½ 11 ½0 xx 10 01 0½ 11 14 17 George H. D. Gossip (ENG) ½0 00 00 00 00 01 ½0 01 01 10 11 11 ½0 10 0½ 01 xx 00 1½ 00 13½ 18 Dion Martinez (CUB) 00 00 00 ½0 00 00 ½½ ½0 00 ½0 11 01 01 00 11 10 11 xx 01 01 13½ 19 John Washington Baird (USA) 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ½1 00 01 ½0 1½ 0½ 10 xx 10 7 20 Nicholas MacLeod (CAN) 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 ½0 00 00 11 10 01 xx 6½
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