Aqueducts and Terraces
The ancient people of Peru built water-moving and preserving technologies like the aqueducts of Cumbe Mayo (c. 1500 BCE) or the Nazca's underground aqueducts called Puquios (date uncertain), or the terraced gardens of the Huari. Aqueducts were also utilized by the Moche.
Another technique used to adapt the steep land of the Andes Mountains for farming was through terracing. The Chavin, the Moche, and the Incas built terraces, or flattened areas of land, into the sides of hills. The terraces reduced soil erosion that would normally be high on a steep hill. These terraces are still used in Peru. The Incans also irrigated their fields with a system of reservoirs and cisterns to collect water, which was then distributed by canals and ditches.
However, by the mid 19th century, only 3% of Peru's land was still farmable. It lagged far behind many other South American countries in agriculture.
Read more about this topic: Agricultural History Of Peru