New Religious Movements
Some syncretic new religious movements have elements of these African religions, but are predominantly rooted in other spiritual traditions. A first wave of such movements originated in the early twentieth century:
- Santo Daime (folk Catholicism and Spiritism, Brazil);
- Moorish Science Temple of America (Islam and Christianity, USA);
- Nation of Islam (Islam, USA)
- Black Hebrew Israelites (Judiasm, USA)
- Rastafari movement (African-influenced Judeo-Christian, Jamaica); and
- Espiritismo (mixture of Taino and Kongo beliefs, Puerto Rico)
A second wave of new movements originated in the 1960s to 1970s, in the context of the emergence of New Age and Neopaganism in the United States:
- União do Vegetal (Brazil, entheogenic, since 1961);
- Vale do Amanhecer (Brazil, Spiritism, since 1965);
- Ausar Auset Society (USA, Kemetism, Pan-Africanism, since 1973); and
- Black Buddhist Community in America (USA, Buddhism, since the 1960s).
Read more about this topic: Afro-American Religion
Famous quotes containing the words religious and/or movements:
“When we say “science” we can either mean any manipulation of the inventive and organizing power of the human intellect: or we can mean such an extremely different thing as the religion of science the vulgarized derivative from this pure activity manipulated by a sort of priestcraft into a great religious and political weapon.”
—Wyndham Lewis (1882–1957)
“Awareness of the stars and their light pervades the Koran, which reflects the brightness of the heavenly bodies in many verses. The blossoming of mathematics and astronomy was a natural consequence of this awareness. Understanding the cosmos and the movements of the stars means understanding the marvels created by Allah. There would be no persecuted Galileo in Islam, because Islam, unlike Christianity, did not force people to believe in a “fixed” heaven.”
—Fatima Mernissi, Moroccan sociologist. Islam and Democracy, ch. 9, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. (Trans. 1992)