New Religious Movements
Some syncretic new religious movements have elements of these African religions, but are predominantly rooted in other spiritual traditions. A first wave of such movements originated in the early twentieth century:
- Santo Daime (folk Catholicism and Spiritism, Brazil);
- Moorish Science Temple of America (Islam and Christianity, USA);
- Nation of Islam (Islam, USA)
- Black Hebrew Israelites (Judiasm, USA)
- Rastafari movement (African-influenced Judeo-Christian, Jamaica); and
- Espiritismo (mixture of Taino and Kongo beliefs, Puerto Rico)
A second wave of new movements originated in the 1960s to 1970s, in the context of the emergence of New Age and Neopaganism in the United States:
- União do Vegetal (Brazil, entheogenic, since 1961);
- Vale do Amanhecer (Brazil, Spiritism, since 1965);
- Ausar Auset Society (USA, Kemetism, Pan-Africanism, since 1973); and
- Black Buddhist Community in America (USA, Buddhism, since the 1960s).
Read more about this topic: Afro-American Religion
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