Preparation and Reactivity
Adipic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone called "KA oil", the abbreviation of "ketone-alcohol oil." The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give adipic acid, via a multistep pathway. Early in the reaction the cyclohexanol is converted to the ketone, releasing nitrous acid:
- HOC6H11 + HNO3 → OC6H10 + HNO2 + H2O
Among its many reactions, the cyclohexanone is nitrosated, setting the stage for the scission of the C-C bond:
- HNO2 + HNO3 → NO+NO3- + H2O
- OC6H10 + NO+ → OC6H9-2-NO + H+
Side products of the method include glutaric and succinic acids.
Related processes start from cyclohexanol, which is obtained from the hydrogenation of phenol.
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“It’s sad but true that if you focus your attention on housework and meal preparation and diapers, raising children does start to look like drudgery pretty quickly. On the other hand, if you see yourself as nothing less than your child’s nurturer, role model, teacher, spiritual guide, and mentor, your days take on a very different cast.”
—Joyce Maynard (20th century)