Pathophysiology
It is thought that adenoids can harbor chronic infections and so contribute to recurrent sinusitis and recurrent or persistent ear disease. The type and amount of pathogenic bacteria seem to vary based on the disease present and the age of the child. Also, enlarged adenoids and tonsils may lead to the obstruction of the breathing patterns in children, causing apnea during sleep.
The most common types of bacteria that affect the adenoids and cause infections in both children and adults are Haemophilus influenzae, group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniea. Heamophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumonia are the three most resistant pathogens of otitis and rhinosinisitis in children suffering from these diseases.
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