Signs and Symptoms
Clinical features of necrotizing periodontal disease may include:
- necrosis and/or punched out ulceration of the interdental papillae ("punched-out papillae") or gingival margin
- formation of a pseudomembrane (or "film") on the gingiva
- painful, bright red marginal gingiva that bleed upon gentle manipulation
- halitosis
Coincident factors may include heavy smoking and poor nutrition, especially for those presenting with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis.
Read more about this topic: Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
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