Acute Infection
| sensitivity | specificity | |
|---|---|---|
| Fever | 88% | 50% |
| Malaise | 73% | 58% |
| Myalgia | 60% | 74% |
| Rash | 58% | 79% |
| Headache | 55% | 56% |
| Night sweats | 50% | 68% |
| Sore throat | 43% | 51% |
| Lymphadenopathy | 38% | 71% |
| Arthralgia | 28% | 87% |
| Nasal congestion | 18% | 62% |
Acute HIV infection, primary HIV infection or acute seroconversion syndrome) is the second stage of HIV infection. It occurs after the incubation stage, before the latency stage and the potential AIDS succeeding the latency stage.
During this period (usually 2–4 weeks post-exposure) many individuals develop an influenza or mononucleosis-like illness called acute HIV infection, the most common symptoms of which may include fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, rash, myalgia, malaise, mouth and esophageal sores, and may also include, but less commonly, headache, nausea and vomiting, enlarged liver/spleen, weight loss, thrush, and neurological symptoms. Infected individuals may experience all, some, or none of these symptoms. The duration of symptoms varies, averaging 28 days and usually lasting at least a week.
Because of the nonspecific nature of these symptoms, they are often not recognized as signs of HIV infection. Even if patients go to their doctors or a hospital, they will often be misdiagnosed as having one of the more common infectious diseases with the same symptoms. As a consequence, these primary symptoms are not used to diagnose HIV infection, as they do not develop in all cases and because many are caused by other more common diseases. However, recognizing the syndrome can be important because the patient is much more infectious during this period.
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