The 209 series (209系?) is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in the Tokyo area of Japan since 1993.
The series was introduced in 1993 to replace the aging 103 series stock on the Keihin-Tōhoku and Negishi lines. The concept of the 209 series was to create a low-cost, minimal lifespan train (approximately 15 years) that would be replaced rather than rebuilt when they became life-expired.
The 209 series was the first of the "New series trains" (新系列電車, Shin-keiretsu densha?), and served as the basis for the E501, E217, 701, and E127 series rolling stock, as well as the E231 series stock, which in turn became the blueprint for successive trains developed by JR East and other railway companies in Japan.
Read more about 209 Series: Operations, Preserved Examples
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“Every Age has its own peculiar faith.... Any attempt to translate into facts the mission of one Age with the machinery of another, can only end in an indefinite series of abortive efforts. Defeated by the utter want of proportion between the means and the end, such attempts might produce martyrs, but never lead to victory.”
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