1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, also known as 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, and P5C, is an imino acid. The stereoisomer (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is a biosynthetic metabolite that is synthesized from proline by the enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and converted into the amino acid glutamate by the enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
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Amino acid metabolism metabolic intermediates
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| K→acetyl-CoA |
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lysine→
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- Saccharopine
- Allysine
- α-Aminoadipic acid
- α-Aminoadipate
- Glutaryl-CoA
- Glutaconyl-CoA
- Crotonyl-CoA
- β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
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leucine→
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- α-Ketoisocaproic acid
- Isovaleryl-CoA
- 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA
- 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
- HMG-CoA
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tryptophan→alanine→
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- N'-Formylkynurenine
- Kynurenine
- Anthranilic acid
- 3-Hydroxykynurenine
- 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid
- 2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde
- 2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde
- 2-Aminomuconic acid
- Glutaryl-CoA
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| G |
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G→pyruvate→citrate
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glycine→serine→
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- glycine→creatine: Glycocyamine
- Phosphocreatine
- Creatinine
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G→glutamate→
α-ketoglutarate
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histidine→
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- Urocanic acid
- Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid
- Formiminoglutamic acid
- Glutamate-1-semialdehyde
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proline→
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- 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
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arginine→
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- Ornithine
- Putrescine
- Agmatine
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other
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- cysteine+glutamate→glutathione: γ-Glutamylcysteine
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G→propionyl-CoA→
succinyl-CoA
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valine→
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- α-Ketoisovaleric acid
- Isobutyryl-CoA
- Methacrylyl-CoA
- 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA
- 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
- 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
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isoleucine→
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- 2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
- 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA
- Tiglyl-CoA
- 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA
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methionine→
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- generation of homocysteine: S-Adenosyl methionine
- S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- Homocysteine
- conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine
- alpha-Ketobutyric acid+Cysteine
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threonine→
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propionyl-CoA→
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G→fumarate
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phenylalanine→tyrosine→
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- 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
- Homogentisic acid
- 4-Maleylacetoacetate
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G→oxaloacetate
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| Other |
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M: MET
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mt, k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, a/u, n, m
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k, cgrp/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, au, n, m, epon
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m (A16/C10), i (k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/o/e, a/u, n, m)
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- biochemical families: carbohydrates
- alcohols
- glycoproteins
- glycosides
- lipids
- eicosanoids
- fatty acids / intermediates
- phospholipids
- sphingolipids
- steroids
- nucleic acids
- constituents / intermediates
- proteins
- amino acids / intermediates
- tetrapyrroles / intermediates
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