Outside Pressures
The Pumé are given no land ownership rights of the lands that they occupy on the llanos and there are threats by surrounding Criollo ranchers looking to expand their lands. They are also under threat of a national park being established on the llanos by the Venezuelan government.
A national park is a threat due to the fact that the Pumé have incorporated trade with outsiders into their lives, and depend on many metal tools and clothing that they receive from these trades. If a national park were to be established they would be forced to convert to an entirely traditional lifestyle, causing them to be unable to use these goods.
Read more about this topic: Yaruro People
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