United Kingdom
In England and Wales, "Year 12" (or "Lower Sixth") is the first year of A-Level certifications, which are completed at the end of "Year 13" (or "Upper Sixth"). Students are usually 16-17 in Year 12 and 17-18 in Year 13. In Northern Ireland this takes place in Years 13 and 14. In both cases, these two years are entirely optional, but generally required for entry into higher education. In Scotland, this is 6th year. Sufficiently good marks in 5th year may be adequate for entry into higher education (Highers are the entry qualifications to university, of which can be sat in S5, S6 and college, with Advanced Highers being the equivalent to year one of university which can be sat following higher exams). There exist specific sixth form colleges dedicated to these years of education, sometimes known as "further education" to distinguish it from both secondary education, which is compulsory, and higher education, which implies university studies.
Read more about this topic: Twelfth Grade
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—Daniel J. Boorstin (b. 1914)
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