Transfer Switch - Operation of A Transfer Switch

Operation of A Transfer Switch

As well as transferring the load to the backup generator, an ATS also commands the backup generator to start, based on the voltage monitored on the primary supply. The transfer switch isolates the backup generator from the electric utility, when the generator is on and is providing temporary power. The control capability of a transfer switch may be manual only, or a combination of automatic and manual. The switch transition mode (see below) of a transfer switch may be Open Transition (OT) (the usual type), or Closed Transition (CT).

For example, in a home equipped with a backup generator and an ATS, when an electric utility outage occurs, the ATS will tell the backup generator to start. Once the ATS sees that the generator is ready to provide electric power, the ATS breaks the home's connection to the electric utility and connects the generator to the home's main electrical panel. The generator supplies power to the home's electric load, but is not connected to the electric utility. Isolation of the generator from the distribution system is required to protect the generator from overload, and to prevent accidental energization of the service wiring.

When utility power returns for a set time, the transfer switch will transfer back to utility power and command the generator to turn off, after another specified amount of "cool down" time with no load on the generator.

A transfer switch can be set up to provide power to only critical circuits or entire electrical (sub)panels. Some transfer switches allow for load shedding or prioritization of optional circuits, such as heating and cooling equipment. More complex emergency switchgear used in large backup generator installations permits soft loading, allowing load to be smoothly transferred from the utility to the synchronized generators, and back; such installations are useful for reducing peak load demand from a utility.