Tocharian Languages - Comparison To Other Indo-European Languages

Comparison To Other Indo-European Languages

Tocharian vocabulary (sample)
English Tocharian A Tocharian B Ancient Greek Sanskrit Latin Gothic Old Irish Proto-Indo-European
one sas ṣe heĩs, hen sa(kṛ́t) semel simle samail PToch *sems ← *sḗm
two wu wi duo dvā́ duo twái dá *duoh₁
three tre trai treis tráyas trēs þreis trí *tréi̯es
four śtwar śtwer téssares catvā́ras, catúras quattuor fidwōr cethair *kʷetu̯óres
five päñ piś pénte páñca quīnque fimf cóic *pénkʷe
six ṣäk ṣkas héx ṣáṣ sex saihs sé *su̯éḱs
seven ṣpät ṣukt heptá saptá septem sibun secht *septḿ̥
eight okät okt oktṓ aṣṭáu, aṣṭá octō ahtau ocht *h₃eḱtéh₃(u)
nine ñu ñu ennéa náva novem niun noí *h₁néun̥
ten śäk śak déka dáśa decem taihun deich *déḱm̥t
hundred känt kante hekatón śatām centum hund cét *ḱm̥tóm
father pācar pācer patḗr pitṛ pater fadar athair *ph₂tḗr
mother mācar mācer mḗtēr mātṛ mater mōdar máthair *méh₂tēr
brother pracar procer phrā́tēr bhrātṛ frāter brōþar bráthair *bʰréh₂tēr
sister ṣar ṣer héor svásṛ soror swistar siur *swésōr
horse yuk yakwe híppos áśva- equus aiƕs ech *h₁éḱwos
cow ko keu boũs gaúṣ bōs (OE cū) bó *gʷeh₃us ~ *gʷh₃eum̥
voice vak vek épos vāk vōx (Du gewag) foccul *u̯ṓkʷs
name ñom ñem ónoma nāman- nōmen namō ainmm *h₃néh₃-m̥n
to milk mālkā mālkant amélgein — mulgēre miluks bligid (MIr) *h₂melǵ-ei̯e

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