Thorndike is a surname, and may refer to:
- Ashley Horace Thorndike (1871–1933), an American educator
- Augustus Thorndike (1896–1986), an American physician
- Edward Thorndike (1874–1949), a behavioral psychologist
- Elizabeth Thorndike (1632–1672), the second wife of John Proctor, daughter of John Thorndike
- Herbert Thorndike (1598–1672), an English academic and clergyman
- Israel Thorndike (1755–1832), an American sailor, merchant, and politician
- John Thorndike (1611/12–1668), one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, brother of Herbert Thorndike
- Lynn Thorndike (1882–1965), an American historian, brother of Ashley Horace Thorndike
- Robert L. Thorndike (1910–1990), an American psychologist, son of Edward Thorndike
- Robert M. Thorndike (born 1943), an American psychologist
- Russell Thorndike (1885–1972), a British actor and novelist, brother of Sybil Thorndike
- Sybil Thorndike (1882–1976), a British actress
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