Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1871 | 52,171 | — |
| 1881 | 54,745 | +4.9% |
| 1891 | 54,390 | −0.6% |
| 1901 | 57,870 | +6.4% |
| 1911 | 60,341 | +4.3% |
| 1921 | 59,913 | −0.7% |
| 1931 | 66,889 | +11.6% |
| 1941 | 68,702 | +2.7% |
| 1951 | 100,680 | +46.5% |
| 1961 | 111,099 | +10.3% |
| 1971 | 140,547 | +26.5% |
| 1981 | 184,015 | +30.9% |
| 1991 | 202,013 | +9.8% |
| 2001 | 215,725 | +6.8% |
| 2011 | 290,732 | +34.8% |
| Sources:* 1871 - 1901: Imperial Gazette of India, Volume 23. Clarendon Press. 1908.* 1901 - 2001: "Population growth". Thanjavur municipality website. http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/thanjavur/sal-pop.htm. | ||
Thanjavur is the 12th largest city in Tamil Nadu. As of the 2011 census, Thanjavur municipality had a population of 222,619 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 290,732. The municipality had a sex ratio of 1,037 females per 1,000 males and 8.3% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 91.48%; male literacy was 94.97% and female literacy was 88.14%. Tamil is the most widely spoken language, with the standard dialect being the Central Tamil dialect. Telugu, Thanjavur Marathi and Saurashtra are other languages spoken. Thanjavur is the cultural and political center of the Thanjavur Marathi people. While Hindus form the majority population, the town also has a substantial population of Muslims and Christians. Roman Catholics in Thanjavur are affiliated to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjore while Protestants are affiliated to the Trichy–Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India. The workforce is predominantly involved in service industry involving trade and commerce. With the expansion of the town area, the opportunities for agriculture is limited and only 7% of population is involved in it.
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